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The research status and development trend of ultra-thin uniformly heated plates

With the emergence and rapid development of the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G technology), electronic products, especially smartphones, tablets, and other products, are increasingly moving towards high-performance, high integration, and miniaturization. The exponential increase in power consumption will lead to electronic chips generating excessively high heat flux density and operating temperature in narrow spaces, further causing severe thermal runaway problems. Ultra thin uniform heat plates have excellent thermal conductivity, large heat transfer area, good temperature uniformity, and high reliability, making them the primary way to solve the heat dissipation problem of electronic equipment. In order to meet the cooling needs of modern miniaturized electronic devices in the 5G era, further ultra-thin homogenization plates are currently a research hotspot in the industry and academia. Based on this, an overview of the heat transfer principle of ultra-thin homogenization plates is provided, with a focus on summarizing the current research status of ultra-thin homogenization plate structure design at home and abroad, including gas-liquid channel layout structure and liquid absorption core structure. The current packaging and manufacturing process of ultra-thin homogenization plates is introduced, and the problems in achieving extreme ultra-thinness are analyzed. Finally, the research trend and development prospects of ultra-thin homogenization plates in the field of heat dissipation such as highly integrated ultra-light electronic devices are scientifically predicted.

Direct femtosecond laser surface nanostructures/microstructures and their applications

Surface morphology is a key factor in controlling the optical, mechanical, wetting, chemical, biological, and other properties of solid surfaces. In recent years, femtosecond laser surface nanostructures have become a new and multifunctional technology used to produce various nanostructured materials, suitable for wide applications in photonics, plasma electronics, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, micro/nanofluidics, optofluidics, biomedical and other fields. In the past decade, this technology has received a lot of research attention due to the following advantages: (1) it can process almost all types of materials, including metals, semiconductors, glass, and polymers; (2) Non planar machining capability; (3) Capable of generating nanostructures in the surface region from microscale to macroscopic scale; (4) Under normal environmental conditions, maskless single-step high-speed processing is required without the need for a clean room environment.

Using femtosecond laser to induce micro/nanostructures on the surface of stainless steel plates and injection needle nozzles

After femtosecond laser treatment, immerse the sample in a 0.01 M stearic acid ethanol solution for 12 hours to reduce surface energy. Generally speaking, metal surfaces are prone to oxidation during femtosecond laser ablation. The COOH group in stearic acid can adsorb onto the natural oxide surface of laser ablated stainless steel, forming a self-assembled monolayer.

Laser treatment reduces adhesion: superhydrophobicity, superoleophobicity, and superoleophobicity

A three-layer microstructure was formed on the surface of stainless steel through simple femtosecond laser ablation. The structural surface exhibits superhydrophilicity in air and superhydrophobicity/superhydrophobicity in water. After further modification with stearic acid, the surface becomes superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophilic/superoleophilic. Through this technology, the nozzle of the needle is modified to have super wettability. When the nozzle is used to release liquids and gases, the size of the distributed water, oil droplets, and bubbles is significantly reduced. We have demonstrated that underwater superhydrophobic nozzles can distribute nanoliter volume of bubbles without reducing the nozzle diameter. It also effectively prevents liquid retention at the opening of the needle. Therefore, the reduction in droplet/bubble size and retention rate enables us to significantly improve volume accuracy and resolution during the operation and transportation of aqueous solutions and gases. Femtosecond laser induced ultra humid nozzles can be used for high-resolution liquid transfer, inkjet printing, 3D printing, pipettes, medical equipment, cell engineering, biological detection, microchemical reactors, and reducing industrial gas emissions.